History of solar distillation solar distillation of sea water is without doubt one of the few possibilities to satisfy the water needs in many r, egions of the world in a sustainable way. With just a few basic building materials, a sheet of glass. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. Solar distillation differs from other forms of desalination that are more energyintensive, such as methods such as reverse osmosis, or simply boiling water due to its use of free energy. This is a solar alembic, or pot still, made from square foot mirrors, which can produce between 2 and 5 ounces of distillate on a lazy sunny. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation. However, it was not before late 19 th century, that the first large scale solar water distillation plant was built. A simple basintype solar still can be constructed with 24 stones, plastic film or transparent glass, a central weight to make a point and a container for the condensate. It is a wellknown fact that the distillate output decreases significantly with the increase of water depth in the basin of the solar still. In the case of active solar distillation, an additional source of thermal energy is required for faster evaporation inside the same passive solar still. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where.
This solar still experiment is one of our favorite stem activities for summer. Solar still classified mainly classified active and passive but according to shape, it classified based on different shape solar still. In passive distillation system, the advanced solar stills prove more effective than conventional basin type one especially during winter and rainy seasons. The history of solar powered water distillation started with aristotle, already back in the 4 th century bc, described a technique of solar powered water distillation. The input of this device would be salt water from coastal regions. This box is embedded into another box of wood shown in figure 1. Free of cost, nonpolluting, nonexhaustible solar energy is used to produce distilled water inside a solar still. In active solar stills, an extrathermal energy by external equipment is fed into the basin of a passive solar still for faster evaporation. Solar radiation passes through inverted v shaped glass cover and absorbed by blackened surface at the.
Modification and operation of a full solar distillation. With this solar still, solar energy heats the ground by. It is a simple and costeffective lowcarbon technology. Proposed model of solar distillation system the base of the solar still is made of g.
Indeed, several solar still designs have been proposed. Keywords solar energy, solar distillation, solar still with capillary film, modeling, simulation. Jul 17, 2017 there are so many fun solar science activities you can do with the kids. Water vapor is condensed in a condenser disposed between the cell and the collection system. Solar distillation is another application which dates back to the nineteenth century and the simplest form of water still now in use is basically unchanged from the early designs which consisted of a shallow tray, filled with salt or brackish water, and covered by a sloping glass cover plate. A very common and, by far, the largest example of solar distillation is the natural water cycle that the earth experiences.
Distillation can be a simple processheat is first added to a liquid to evaporate it and produce a gas or vapor, then heat is removed from the vapor to condense it back to a liquid. Design options many different types of solar distillation systems were researched. Pb 201 029 from the national technical information service, order department, springfield, va 22161. Cooper has reported that the theoretical and experimental maximum efficiency of an ideal singleeffect solar still can reach up to 60 and 50%, respectively. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. Solar stills purify water through distillation, where pure water is vaporized out of collected dirty water and then condensed. Figure 2 simple solar still for solar water distillation figure 2 shows a simple solar still, in which constant amount of water is supplied in basin.
On the basis of various modifications and modes of operation introduced in conventional solar stills, solar distillation systems are classified as passive or active. A cubic hole in moist ground is created of about 300 mm 12 in on each side. Wikimedia commons while on the topic of the history of solar desalination, during world war ii, the use of a portable solar still that was included in u. Theoretical analysis of water distillation using solar still. Each solar still consists of insulated metal box with channels. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households. The additional source may be a solarenergybased system or thermal energy contained in hot water which is discharged by other industries. There are so many fun solar science activities you can do with the kids. Multistage, multieffect active solar still is observed to give an. Test and optimize the modular design of the solar still 2. Pdf design of solar distillation system researchgate. How solar powered distillation of water works energy.
This qualitative study proves that solar distillation of sea water is a good option for water treatment. Pyramidal glass covers attached to the basin at an angle. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers. Phase ii operations of the modular solar stills at bgndrf had several key goals. Solar distillation based on pyramid shape solar still a. This solar still has its practical advantages and disadvantages to a pumptype desalinator, and since these should be apparent to. A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. Excess water will drain out of the overflow port and this will keep salts from building up in the basin. Salt, bacteria and other impurities are contaminated which are to be removed completely in the distillation process. A cpc concentric tubular solar still design with a rectangular absorber is presented as shown in figures 11, 12, and 14 and the specification shown in table 1.
A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by. A submerged fresh water collection system underlies the cell. Solar still is the one of the cost effective method of producing pure water using solar distillation techniques. May 22, 2014 excess water will drain out of the overflow port and this will keep salts from building up in the basin. This is a solar alembic, or pot still, made from square foot mirrors, which can produce between 2 and 5 ounces of distillate on a lazy sunny afternoon. The first known use of stills dates back to 1551 when it was used by arab alchemists. Heat generated by the condensation of water vapor is utilized to. Comparative cost of compact nature of solar stills like single slope, double slope and wick type solar. The additional source may be a solar energybased system or thermal energy contained in hot water which is discharged by other industries. Optimize recovery and thermal performance of the second effect night operations. Stabilize operations to minimize operator attention required 3. Solar radiation passes through inverted v shaped glass cover and absorbed by blackened surface at the bottom of the basin.
Other scientists and naturalists used stills over the coming centuries including della porta 1589, lavoisier 1862, and. Solar stills are also a simple way to purify water for drinking, making it a great survival skill to learn. A piece of glass is placed across the top of the contaminated water trough, angling directly down into the empty water trough. Fabricated solar still a blackened tray is placed at the base of the solar still which acts as a black body to absorb the incident heat. The solar still is a model of the water cycle on earth. In this paper the condensation and evaporation process in solar still is developed using computational. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. Principle of solar still solar still works on the principle of solar distillation. Solar distillation unit coupled with thermal collectors, photovoltaic panels, and concentrators makes the system active and increases the distillate three to six times than conventional units. Learning how to make a solar still isnt just a fun summer science experiment. Solar distillation of water florida solar energy center. The solarstill process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification.
The external equipment may be a collectorconcentrator panel, waste thermal. Distillation process uses solar radiation, which is a form of thermal energy produced by a multistage solar still connected to a parabolic trough collector to improve its performance and to increase production of distilled drinking water. In this paper, solar water distillation system was fabricated and the above literature survey dealing with the various design of solar water distillation system, various glass thicknesses, tilting angles. Solar distillation still used to purify saline water source. Solar still background solar distillation is a tried and true technology. There are many designs of solar distillation systems but the mostwidely used one is the conventional still. Technology fact sheet for adaptation solar distillation i solar. So, learning how to make a solar still can be a lifesaving skill. Solar distillation is one of the solutions of getting potable water using solar energy. A simple solar still assisted by an external solar collector shows increase in fresh water productivity with the increase in solar collector area. A partial vacuum is created in the solar cell for drawing water vapor from the cell to the collection system. A concentrated solar still is a system that uses the same quantity of solar heat input same solar collection area as a simple solar still but can produce a volume of freshwater that is many times greater.
Desalination, distillation,solar energy, solar still, sea water, efficiency, electrical conductivity, ph. Solar still, overview, thermodynamics, modeling, exergy, heat transfer 1. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Distillation of water using solar still basin is the most economical method to get portable drinking water. The results showed that the distillation productivity of solar stills are significantly influenced by ambient conditions e. A solar still uses the greenhouse affect to trap energy from the sun. Sep 17, 2012 make your own distilled water from stream or lake water, salt water, or even brackish, dirty water, using these diy solar still plans. Distillation is a process that removes filth and contaminants to produce still water from available water.
Improved solar still for water purification journal of sustainable. Solar still is a passive solar distillation process and the only energy source needed is. Ecoworthy 1 gallon water distiller pure water distillation with glasslined nozzle filter and manual power switch brushed stainless steel distilling machine for home countertop 4. Numerous efforts have been made to increase the efficiency and productivity of the solar distillation systems all over the world. Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation systems. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a. Solar distillation an overview sciencedirect topics.
These objectives aim to guarantee that the solar still can be easily adopted and employed. The solar still process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Solar stills can be an emergency survival tool, even for gathering water from the driest deserts during the most brutal seasons. Aug 22, 2018 a basic solar still typically consists of two water troughs one water trough is filled with contaminated water and the other is kept empty to collect purified water. Purified drinking water is collected from the output collection port. Desalination systems are of two broad types, based upon either thermal distillation or. L shape solar still produce average distilled water was 925 mlday which was very low among the all type of solar still. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation.
Theoretical and experimental study of the solar still coupled. The goal of this project is to create a solar powered water distillation device that achieves maximum efficiency while minimizing manufacturing costs per unit. In some cases, such as extremely poor quality or salty water, solar stills may be the most practical way to treat the water. American journal of engineering research ajer 20 w w w. Therefore, solar distillation seems to be a promising method and an alternative way for supplying small communities in remote areas and islands with water. Solar distillation process appears to be suitable to resolve this problem through purification of salty water. The basic concept of the typical solar still starts with the suns energy going. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a water. Pdf exploring of water distillation by single solar still basins. Solar still classified mainly classified active and passive but according to shape, it. Ive posted here about the square foot solar cooker, and here is another of the many uses for it. Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation.
Classification of solar distillation systems solar energy. The inner and outer circular tubes are positioned with a 5 mm gap for the flowing water and air to cool the outer surface of the inner tube. Solar distillation systems have been found economically feasible in desalination of saline water. Air force and navy emergency kits saved many lives in the south pacific.
Solar distillation process becomes complete with help of solar still. Pdf design and analysis of solar still researchgate. Pdf green distillation using solar still rameshaiah gn. The condensed water from the glass is collected in a pipe placed at an inclination which enables the collected water 4. Solar still uses heat energy as input which is obtained from solar radiations.
While a simple solar still is a way of distilling water by using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from a water source and ambient air to cool a condenser film, a concentrated solar. Make your own distilled water from stream or lake water, salt water, or even brackish, dirty water, using these diy solar still plans. In fact, it has been reported that for such places, solar distillation could be the most favorable way for water supply. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation real. Aug 24, 2014 passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric. Jun 11, 2017 solar distillation is one of the solutions of getting potable water using solar energy. Solar distillation uses simple device called solar distillates in a process similar to the natural evaporation of water by sun heat. The solar distiller should be able to provide a small family with two to four gallons of drinking water per day.
Dunkle, solar water distillation, the roof type still and a multiple effect diffusion still, international developments in heat transfer, asme, proceeding of international heat transfer, part v, university of colorado, 1961, p. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass glazing like single slope. The average yield of distilled water obtained by solar desalination was 4 lm2 day. Heat transfer mode in solar water distillation system the heat transfer in solar still is mainly classified into two ways, internal and external heat transfer. Aug 26, 20 solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1.
1410 277 61 438 1109 290 1314 481 937 17 699 1502 1025 84 343 517 1279 1125 1547 182 1363 1086 1565 1552 1321 988 278 1462 194 1126 1070 269 181 1323 891 442 1395